The Relationship Between Postoperative Drainage Volume and the Incidence of Postoperative Renal Injury in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Yuan Yuan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21

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The Relationship Between Postoperative Drainage Volume and the Incidence of Postoperative Renal Injury in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Yuan Yuan^*

Published in International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine (Volume 12, Issue 1)

Received: 19 May 2024 Accepted: 5 June 2024 Published: 19 June 2024

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Abstract

Cardiac surgery-related acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) is a serious and frequently encountered complication that occurs in children undergoing cardiac surgery. It is particularly prevalent among those who undergo complex and prolonged surgical procedures. CS-AKI is a complex condition that can lead to significant morbidity and even mortality, and thus, understanding its pathogenesis and identifying potential risk factors is crucial for improving patient outcomes. One of the most consistent contributing factors to the development of CS-AKI is intraoperative bleeding. Bleeding during surgery can lead to hemodynamic instability, which in turn can affect renal perfusion and oxygen supply, ultimately leading to kidney injury. Intraoperative renal hypoperfusion and oxygen supply and demand imbalances are recognized as important pathogenic mechanisms underlying CS-AKI. To further investigate the relationship between intraoperative bleeding and postoperative kidney damage, researchers have conducted prospective observational studies. These studies focus on infants and young children undergoing cardiac surgery, as they are particularly vulnerable to the complications of such surgeries. By carefully observing and documenting the postoperative drainage volume, researchers aim to evaluate the correlation between postoperative blood loss and the incidence of postoperative renal injury. The results of these studies have provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of CS-AKI. However, it is important to note that the correlation between postoperative eCrCl (estimated creatinine clearance) and postoperative drainage volume has not been found to be significant. This suggests that while intraoperative bleeding may contribute to the development of kidney injury, it may not be the sole determinant of renal outcome.

Published in	International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine (Volume 12, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21
Page(s)	57-61
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cardiac Surgery, Postoperative Hemorrhage, Acute Kidney Injury

References

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[2]	Wang Y, Bellomo R. Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: risk factors, pathophysiology and treatment. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017 Nov; 13(11): 697-711. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2017.119 Epub 2017 Sep 4. PMID: 28869251.
[3]	Alabbas A, Campbell A, Skippen P, Human D, Matsell D, Mammen C. Epidemiology of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury in neonates: a retrospective study. Pediatr Nephrol. 2013 Jul; 28(7): 1127-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-013-2454-3
[4]	Newland RF, Baker RA. Low Oxygen Delivery as a Predictor of Acute Kidney Injury during Cardiopulmonary Bypass. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2017 Dec; 49(4): 224-230.
[5]	Magruder JT, Weiss SJ, DeAngelis KG, Haddle J, Desai ND, Szeto WY, Acker MA; Penn Perfusion Team Working Group. Correlating oxygen delivery on cardiopulmonary bypass with Society of Thoracic Surgeons outcomes following cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022 Sep; 164(3): 997-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.12.008
[6]	McIlroy D, Murphy D, Kasza J, Bhatia D, Marasco S. Association of postoperative blood pressure and bleeding after cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019 Nov; 158(5): 1370-1379. e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.01.063
[7]	Akcan-Arikan A, Zappitelli M, Loftis LL, Washburn KK, Jefferson LS, Goldstein SL. Modified RIFLE criteria in critically ill children with acute kidney injury. Kidney Int. 2007 May; 71(10): 1028-35. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5002231
[8]	Tanyildiz M, Ekim M, Kendirli T, Tutar E, Eyileten Z, Ozcakar ZB, Kavaz A, Yalcınkaya F, Uysalel A, Atalay S. Acute kidney injury in congenital cardiac surgery: Pediatric risk-injury-failure-loss-end-stage renal disease and Acute Kidney Injury Network. Pediatr Int. 2017 Dec; 59(12): 1252-1260. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.13359
[9]	De Souza VC, Rabilloud M, Cochat P, Selistre L, Hadj-Aissa A, Kassai B, Ranchin B, Berg U, Herthelius M, Dubourg L. Schwartz formula: is one k-coefficient adequate for all children? PLoS One. 2012; 7(12): e53439. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053439
[10]	Aronson S, Phillips-Bute B, Stafford-Smith M, Fontes M, Gaca J, Mathew JP, Newman MF. The association of postcardiac surgery acute kidney injury with intraoperative systolic blood pressure hypotension. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2013; 2013: 174091. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/174091
[11]	Cavalcante C T D M B, Cavalcante M B, Branco K M P C, et al. Biomarkers of acute kidney injury in pediatric cardiac surgery [J]. Pediatric Nephrology, 2021(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05094-9
[12]	Melanie M, Christoph S, Hugo V A, et al. Validation of Cell-Cycle Arrest Biomarkers for Acute Kidney Injury after Pediatric Cardiac Surgery [J]. Plos One, 2014, 9(10): e110865. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110865
[13]	Biancari F, Kinnunen E M, Kiviniemi T, et al. Meta-analysis of the Sources of Bleeding after Adult Cardiac Surgery [J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2018 S1053077017310091. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2017.12.024
[14]	Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, et al. Early Goal-Directed Therapy in the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock [J]. Massachusetts Medical Society, 2001(19). https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMOA010307
[15]	Hessel EA 2nd. What's New in Cardiopulmonary Bypass [J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2019, 33(8): 2296-2326. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2019.01.039
[16]	Lannemyr L, Bragadottir G, Krumbholz V, et al. Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Renal Perfusion, Filtration, and Oxygenation in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery [J]. Anesthesiology, 2017, 126(2): 205-213. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000001461

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APA Style

Yuan, Y. (2024). The Relationship Between Postoperative Drainage Volume and the Incidence of Postoperative Renal Injury in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine, 12(1), 57-61. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21

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ACS Style

Yuan, Y. The Relationship Between Postoperative Drainage Volume and the Incidence of Postoperative Renal Injury in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. Int. J. Anesth. Clin. Med. 2024, 12(1), 57-61. doi: 10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21

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AMA Style

Yuan Y. The Relationship Between Postoperative Drainage Volume and the Incidence of Postoperative Renal Injury in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. Int J Anesth Clin Med. 2024;12(1):57-61. doi: 10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21

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@article{10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21,
  author = {Yuan Yuan},
  title = {The Relationship Between Postoperative Drainage Volume and the Incidence of Postoperative Renal Injury in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
},
  journal = {International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57-61},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijacm.20241201.21},
  abstract = {Cardiac surgery-related acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) is a serious and frequently encountered complication that occurs in children undergoing cardiac surgery. It is particularly prevalent among those who undergo complex and prolonged surgical procedures. CS-AKI is a complex condition that can lead to significant morbidity and even mortality, and thus, understanding its pathogenesis and identifying potential risk factors is crucial for improving patient outcomes. One of the most consistent contributing factors to the development of CS-AKI is intraoperative bleeding. Bleeding during surgery can lead to hemodynamic instability, which in turn can affect renal perfusion and oxygen supply, ultimately leading to kidney injury. Intraoperative renal hypoperfusion and oxygen supply and demand imbalances are recognized as important pathogenic mechanisms underlying CS-AKI. To further investigate the relationship between intraoperative bleeding and postoperative kidney damage, researchers have conducted prospective observational studies. These studies focus on infants and young children undergoing cardiac surgery, as they are particularly vulnerable to the complications of such surgeries. By carefully observing and documenting the postoperative drainage volume, researchers aim to evaluate the correlation between postoperative blood loss and the incidence of postoperative renal injury. The results of these studies have provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of CS-AKI. However, it is important to note that the correlation between postoperative eCrCl (estimated creatinine clearance) and postoperative drainage volume has not been found to be significant. This suggests that while intraoperative bleeding may contribute to the development of kidney injury, it may not be the sole determinant of renal outcome.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Relationship Between Postoperative Drainage Volume and the Incidence of Postoperative Renal Injury in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

AU  - Yuan Yuan
Y1  - 2024/06/19
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21
T2  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
JF  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
JO  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
SP  - 57
EP  - 61
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2997-2698
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21
AB  - Cardiac surgery-related acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) is a serious and frequently encountered complication that occurs in children undergoing cardiac surgery. It is particularly prevalent among those who undergo complex and prolonged surgical procedures. CS-AKI is a complex condition that can lead to significant morbidity and even mortality, and thus, understanding its pathogenesis and identifying potential risk factors is crucial for improving patient outcomes. One of the most consistent contributing factors to the development of CS-AKI is intraoperative bleeding. Bleeding during surgery can lead to hemodynamic instability, which in turn can affect renal perfusion and oxygen supply, ultimately leading to kidney injury. Intraoperative renal hypoperfusion and oxygen supply and demand imbalances are recognized as important pathogenic mechanisms underlying CS-AKI. To further investigate the relationship between intraoperative bleeding and postoperative kidney damage, researchers have conducted prospective observational studies. These studies focus on infants and young children undergoing cardiac surgery, as they are particularly vulnerable to the complications of such surgeries. By carefully observing and documenting the postoperative drainage volume, researchers aim to evaluate the correlation between postoperative blood loss and the incidence of postoperative renal injury. The results of these studies have provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of CS-AKI. However, it is important to note that the correlation between postoperative eCrCl (estimated creatinine clearance) and postoperative drainage volume has not been found to be significant. This suggests that while intraoperative bleeding may contribute to the development of kidney injury, it may not be the sole determinant of renal outcome.

VL  - 12
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Yuan Yuan

Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6883-1754

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APA Style

Yuan, Y. (2024). The Relationship Between Postoperative Drainage Volume and the Incidence of Postoperative Renal Injury in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine, 12(1), 57-61. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21

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ACS Style

Yuan, Y. The Relationship Between Postoperative Drainage Volume and the Incidence of Postoperative Renal Injury in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. Int. J. Anesth. Clin. Med. 2024, 12(1), 57-61. doi: 10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21

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AMA Style

Yuan Y. The Relationship Between Postoperative Drainage Volume and the Incidence of Postoperative Renal Injury in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. Int J Anesth Clin Med. 2024;12(1):57-61. doi: 10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21,
  author = {Yuan Yuan},
  title = {The Relationship Between Postoperative Drainage Volume and the Incidence of Postoperative Renal Injury in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
},
  journal = {International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57-61},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijacm.20241201.21},
  abstract = {Cardiac surgery-related acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) is a serious and frequently encountered complication that occurs in children undergoing cardiac surgery. It is particularly prevalent among those who undergo complex and prolonged surgical procedures. CS-AKI is a complex condition that can lead to significant morbidity and even mortality, and thus, understanding its pathogenesis and identifying potential risk factors is crucial for improving patient outcomes. One of the most consistent contributing factors to the development of CS-AKI is intraoperative bleeding. Bleeding during surgery can lead to hemodynamic instability, which in turn can affect renal perfusion and oxygen supply, ultimately leading to kidney injury. Intraoperative renal hypoperfusion and oxygen supply and demand imbalances are recognized as important pathogenic mechanisms underlying CS-AKI. To further investigate the relationship between intraoperative bleeding and postoperative kidney damage, researchers have conducted prospective observational studies. These studies focus on infants and young children undergoing cardiac surgery, as they are particularly vulnerable to the complications of such surgeries. By carefully observing and documenting the postoperative drainage volume, researchers aim to evaluate the correlation between postoperative blood loss and the incidence of postoperative renal injury. The results of these studies have provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of CS-AKI. However, it is important to note that the correlation between postoperative eCrCl (estimated creatinine clearance) and postoperative drainage volume has not been found to be significant. This suggests that while intraoperative bleeding may contribute to the development of kidney injury, it may not be the sole determinant of renal outcome.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Relationship Between Postoperative Drainage Volume and the Incidence of Postoperative Renal Injury in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

AU  - Yuan Yuan
Y1  - 2024/06/19
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21
T2  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
JF  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
JO  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
SP  - 57
EP  - 61
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2997-2698
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijacm.20241201.21
AB  - Cardiac surgery-related acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) is a serious and frequently encountered complication that occurs in children undergoing cardiac surgery. It is particularly prevalent among those who undergo complex and prolonged surgical procedures. CS-AKI is a complex condition that can lead to significant morbidity and even mortality, and thus, understanding its pathogenesis and identifying potential risk factors is crucial for improving patient outcomes. One of the most consistent contributing factors to the development of CS-AKI is intraoperative bleeding. Bleeding during surgery can lead to hemodynamic instability, which in turn can affect renal perfusion and oxygen supply, ultimately leading to kidney injury. Intraoperative renal hypoperfusion and oxygen supply and demand imbalances are recognized as important pathogenic mechanisms underlying CS-AKI. To further investigate the relationship between intraoperative bleeding and postoperative kidney damage, researchers have conducted prospective observational studies. These studies focus on infants and young children undergoing cardiac surgery, as they are particularly vulnerable to the complications of such surgeries. By carefully observing and documenting the postoperative drainage volume, researchers aim to evaluate the correlation between postoperative blood loss and the incidence of postoperative renal injury. The results of these studies have provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of CS-AKI. However, it is important to note that the correlation between postoperative eCrCl (estimated creatinine clearance) and postoperative drainage volume has not been found to be significant. This suggests that while intraoperative bleeding may contribute to the development of kidney injury, it may not be the sole determinant of renal outcome.

VL  - 12
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download